Number of studies
62
Years of studies
1993-2022
Our Science
OUR RESEARCH
Quality, and quantity.
Our research shows that cheaper, less absorbable forms of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants are often used in fertility supplements. And in many cases, key ingredients are in doses too low to be effective.
We think that’s wrong.
Our product development is led by embryologists, IVF consultants, nurses, midwives and psychologists, working in both NHS and private clinics across the UK.
Our supplements are grounded in the very latest scientific research, and we’re proud not to scrimp or save on doses at the expense of quality and efficacy.
We’re also proud to be the only brand in the world working in reproductive wellness to review our formulations annually.
There are over 86,000 studies on fertility and nutrients - and counting.
Our in-house scientists track the emerging evidence to guide our product development and ensure we lead the market for quality and integrity.
Our Ingredients
Methylfolate
Alpha Lipoic Acid
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
Vitamin C
MicroActive® CoQ10
Zinc
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B12
Vitamin E
selenium
Vitamin D3
Ebisch IM, Thomas CM, Peters WH, Braat DD, Steegers-Theunissen RP.
The importance of folate, zinc and antioxidants in the pathogenesis and prevention of subfertility. Hum Reprod Update. 2007 Mar-Apr;13(2):163-74
Toivonen KI, Lacroix E, Flynn M, Ronksley PE, Oinonen KA, Metcalfe A, Campbell TS.
Folic acid supplementation during the preconception period: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2018 Sep;114:1-17
Hekmatdoost A, Vahid F, Yari Z, Sadeghi M, Eini-Zinab H, Lakpour N, Arefi S.
Methyltetrahydrofolate vs Folic Acid Supplementation in Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage with Respect to Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PloS one. 2015 Dec 2;10(12)
Paffoni, A.; Castiglioni, M.; Ferrari, S.; La Vecchia, I.; Ferraris Fusarini, C.; Bettinardi, N.; Noli, S.; Parazzini, F.; Somigliana, E.
Homocysteine pathway and in vitro fertilisation outcome. Reprod. Toxicol. 2018, 76, 12–16
Cirillo, M.; Fucci, R.; Rubini, S.; Coccia, M.E.; Fatini, C.
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and Vitamin B12 Supplementation Is Associated with Clinical Pregnancy and Live Birth in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12280
Szymanski W, Kazdepka-Zieminska A.
Effect of homocysteine concentration in follicular fluid on a degree of oocyte maturity. Ginekol Pol. 2003;74:1392–6
Boxmeer JC, Brouns RM, Lindemans J, Steegers EA, Martini E, Macklon NS, Steegers-Theunissen RP.
Preconception folic acid treatment affects the microenvironment of the maturing oocyte in humans. Fertil Steril. 2008 Jun;89(6):1766-70
Number of studies
15
Years of studies
1991-2022
Gardner DK, Kuramoto T, Tanaka M, Mitzumoto S, Montag M, Yoshida A.
Prospective randomized multicentre comparison on sibling oocytes comparing G-Series media system with antioxidants versus standard G-Series media system. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020 May;40(5):637-644
Kim, Chim & Moon, J. & Jeung, Y. & Kim, Sungeun & Chae, Hee Dong & Kang, B.. (2017).
Lipoic acid supplementation increases the expression of pgc-1alpha gene in granulosa cells and improves IVF results in aging women undergoing IVF. Fertility and Sterility. 108
Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ.
alpha-Lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995 Aug;19(2):227-50
Di Tucci C, Galati G, Mattei G, Bonanni V, Capri O, D'Amelio R, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P.
The role of alpha lipoic acid in female and male infertility: a systematic review. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021 Jun;37(6):497-505
De Cicco S, Immediata V, Romualdi D, Policola C, Tropea A, Di Florio C, Tagliaferri V, Scarinci E, Della Casa S, Lanzone A, Apa R.
Myoinositol combined with alpha-lipoic acid may improve the clinical and endocrine features of polycystic ovary syndrome through an insulin-independent action. Gynecol En
Masharani U, Gjerde C, Evans JL, Youngren JF, Goldfine ID.
Effects of controlled-release alpha lipoic acid in lean, nondiabetic patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010 Mar 1;4(2):359-64
Number of studies
23
Years of studies
1989-2022
Shahveghar Asl Z, Parastouei K, Eskandari E.
The effects of N-acetylcysteine on ovulation and sex hormones profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2023 Jan 4:1-9
Mostajeran, F., Tehrani, H. G., & Rahbary, B. (2018).
N-Acetylcysteine as an Adjuvant to Letrozole for Induction of Ovulation in Infertile Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Advanced biomedical research
Hebisha, S. A., Omran, M. S., Sallam, H. N., & Ahmed, A. I. (2015).
Follicular fluid homocysteine levels with N-Acetyl cysteine supplemented controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, correlation with oocyte yield and ICSI cycle outcome. Fertility and Sterility, 104(3)
Li X, Wang Z, Wang H, Xu H, Sheng Y, Lian F.
Role of N-acetylcysteine treatment in women with advanced age undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles: A prospective study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 4
Elgindy EA, El-Huseiny AM, Mostafa MI, Gaballah AM, Ahmed TA.
N-acetyl cysteine: could it be an effective adjuvant therapy in ICSI cycles? A preliminary study. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010;20(6):789-796
Amin AF, Shaaban OM, Bediawy MA.
N-acetyl cysteine for treatment of recurrent unexplained pregnancy loss. Reprod Biomed Online. 2008 Nov;17(5):722-6
Number of studies
18
Years of studies
1994-2022
Ruder EH, Hartman TJ, Reindollar RH, Goldman MB.
Female dietary antioxidant intake and time to pregnancy among couples treated for unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril. 2014;101:759–766
Lu X, Wu Z, Wang M, Cheng W.
Effects of vitamin C on the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in endometriosis: A randomized controlled study. J Int Med Res. 2018 Nov;46(11):4624-4633
Rumbold A, Ota E, Nagata C, Shahrook S, Crowther CA.
Vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 29;2015(9)
Ruder EH, Hartman TJ, Reindollar RH, Goldman MB.
Female dietary antioxidant intake and time to pregnancy among couples treated for unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril. 2014;101:759–766
Showell MG, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Jordan V, Hart RJ.
Antioxidants for female subfertility. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 8
Ozkaya MO, Nazıroğlu M.
Multivitamin and mineral supplementation modulates oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2010 Nov;94(6):2465-6
Number of studies
52
Years of studies
1995-2022
Akarsu, S., Gode, F., Isik, A. Z., Dikmen, Z. G., & Tekindal, M. A. (2017).
The association between coenzyme Q10 concentrations in follicular fluid with embryo morphokinetics and pregnancy rate in assisted reproductive techniques. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 34(5), 599-605
Esencan E, Beroukhim G, Seifer DB.
Age-related changes in Folliculogenesis and potential modifiers to improve fertility outcomes - A narrative review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2022 Nov 17;20(1):156
Zhang Y, Zhang C, Shu J, Guo J, Chang HM, Leung PCK, Sheng JZ, Huang H.
Adjuvant treatment strategies in ovarian stimulation for poor responders undergoing IVF: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2020 Feb 28;26(2):247-263
Xu Y, Nisenblat V, Lu C, Li R, Qiao J, Zhen X, Wang S.
Pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 improves ovarian response and embryo quality in low-prognosis young women with decreased ovarian reserve: a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018 Mar 27;16(1):29
Showell MG, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Jordan V, Hart RJ.
Antioxidants for female subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 27;8(8)
Van Blerkom J.
Mitochondrial function in the human oocyte and embryo and their role in developmental competence. Mitochondrion. 2011 Sep;11(5):797-813
Number of studies
35
Years of studies
2011-2023
Garner TB, Hester JM, Carothers A, Diaz FJ.
Role of zinc in female reproduction. Biol Reprod. 2021 May 7;104(5):976-994
Liao X, Wu L, Yin D, Tian D, Zhou C, Liu J, Li S, Zhou J, Nie Y, Liao H, Peng C.
The role of zinc in follicular development. Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Feb 27
Nasiadek M, Stragierowicz J, Klimczak M, Kilanowicz A.
The Role of Zinc in Selected Female Reproductive System Disorders. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 16;12(8):2464
Ribeiro JC, Braga PC, Martins AD, Silva BM, Alves MG, Oliveira PF.
Antioxidants Present in Reproductive Tract Fluids and Their Relevance for Fertility. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Sep 9;10(9):1441
Singh A.K., Chattopadhyay R., Chakravarty B., Chaudhury K.
Markers of oxidative stress in follicular fluid of women with endometriosis and tubal infertility undergoing IVF. Reprod. Toxicol. 2013;42:116–124
Ingle M.E., Bloom M.S., Parsons P.J., Steuerwald A.J., Kruger P., Fujimoto V.Y.
Associations between IVF outcomes and essential trace elements measured in follicular fluid and urine: A pilot study. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2017;34:253–261
Number of studies
44
Years of studies
2010-2023
Petersen JM, Parker SE, Crider KS, Tinker SC, Mitchell AA, Werler MM.
One-Carbon Cofactor Intake and Risk of Neural Tube Defects Among Women Who Meet Folic Acid Recommendations: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Jun 1;188(6):1136-114
Zhang L, Wu LM, Xu WH, Tian YQ, Liu XL, Xia CY, Zhang L, Li SS, Jin Z, Wu XL, Shu J.
Status of maternal serum B vitamins and pregnancy outcomes: New insights from in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment. Front Nutr. 2022 Nov 11;9:962212
Menichini D, Imbrogno MG, Basile L, Monari F, Ferrari F, Neri I.
Oral supplementation of α-lipoic acid (ALA), magnesium, vitamin B6 and vitamin D stabilizes cervical changes in women presenting risk factors for preterm birth. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Dec;26(23):8879-8886
Hestiantoro A, Astuti BPK, Joyo EO, Febri RR, Silvana V, Muharam R.
Vitamin B3 (niacin), B6, C, and iron intake are associated with the free androgen index, especially in normoandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2022 Sep 5;23(3):130-136
Elbarbary NS, Ismail EAR, Zaki MA, Darwish YW, Ibrahim MZ, El-Hamamsy M.
Vitamin B complex supplementation as a homocysteine-lowering therapy for early stage diabetic nephropathy in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2020 Jan;39(1):49-56
Lee S, Huh I, Kang S, Nam YE, Cho Y, Kamruzzaman M, Hong J, Kwon O, Park T.
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Evaluating Effectiveness of a Multivitamin Supplementation against Oxidative Stress in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients. 2022 Mar 10;14(6):1170
Number of studies
16
Years of studies
2002-2023
Gaskins AJ, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Ford JB, Toth TL, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH Study Team.
Association between serum folate and vitamin B-12 and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Oct;102(4):943-50
Forges T, Monnier-Barbarino P, Alberto JM, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Daval JL, Guéant JL.
Impact of folate and homocysteine metabolism on human reproductive health. Hum Reprod Update. 2007 May-Jun;13(3):225-3
Reznikoff-Etiévant MF, Zittoun J, Vaylet C, Pernet P, Milliez J.
Low Vitamin B(12) level as a risk factor for very early recurrent abortion. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002 Sep 10;104(2):156-9
Boxmeer JC, Macklon NS, Lindemans J, Beckers NG, Eijkemans MJ, Laven JS, Steegers EA, Steegers-Theunissen RP.
IVF outcomes are associated with biomarkers of the homocysteine pathway in monofollicular fluid. Hum Reprod. 2009 May;24(5):1059-66
Ebisch IM, Peters WH, Thomas CM, Wetzels AM, Peer PG, Steegers-Theunissen RP.
Homocysteine, glutathione and related thiols affect fertility parameters in the (sub)fertile couple. Hum Reprod. 2006 Jul;21(7):1725-33
Serapinas D, Boreikaite E, Bartkeviciute A, Bandzeviciene R, Silkunas M, Bartkeviciene D.
The importance of folate, vitamins B6 and B12 for the lowering of homocysteine concentrations for patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and MTHFR mutations. Reprod Toxicol. 2017 Sep;72:159-163
Number of studies
36
Years of studies
1999-2022
Md Amin NA, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Arshad AH, Abdul Aziz N, Abdul Nasir NA, Ab Latip N.
Are Vitamin E Supplementation Beneficial for Female Gynaecology Health and Diseases? Molecules. 2022 Mar 15;27(6):1896
Showell MG, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Jordan V, Hart RJ.
Antioxidants for female subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jul 28;7(7)
Cicek N, Eryilmaz OG, Sarikaya E, Gulerman C, Genc Y.
Vitamin E effect on controlled ovarian stimulation of unexplained infertile women. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2012 Apr;29(4):325-8
Lédée-Bataille N, Olivennes F, Lefaix JL, Chaouat G, Frydman R, Delanian S.
Combined treatment by pentoxifylline and tocopherol for recipient women with a thin endometrium enrolled in an oocyte donation programme. Hum Reprod. 2002 May;17(5):1249-53
Heidari H, Hajhashemy Z, Saneei P.
A meta-analysis of effects of vitamin E supplementation alone and in combination with omega-3 or magnesium on polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 19;12(1):19927
Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL, Kelly FJ, Lee R, Hunt BJ, Parmar K, Bewley SJ, Shennan AH, Steer PJ, Poston L.
Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999 Sep 4;354(9181):810-6
Number of studies
24
Years of studies
1995-2022
Agarwal A, Durairajanayagam D, du Plessis SS.
Utility of antioxidants during assisted reproductive techniques: an evidence based review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12: 112
Pieczyńska J, Grajeta H.
The role of selenium in human conception and pregnancy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29: 31-38
Lima LG, Santos AAMD, Gueiber TD, Gomes RZ, Martins CM, Chaikoski AC.
Relation between Selenium and Female Fertility: A Systematic Review. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2022 Jul;44(7):701-70
Rayman M.P.
Selenium and human health. Lancet. 2012;379:1256–1268
Dring JC, Forma A, Chilimoniuk Z, Dobosz M, Teresiński G, Buszewicz G, Flieger J, Cywka T, Januszewski J, Baj J.
Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers-A State-of-the-Art Review. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 31;14(1):185
Qazi IH, Angel C, Yang H, Pan B, Zoidis E, Zeng CJ, Han H, Zhou GB. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Female Reproduction: A Review. Molecules. 2018 Nov 22;23(12):3053
Number of studies
35
Years of studies
2010-2023
Irani M, Merhi Z.
Role of vitamin D in ovarian physiology and its implication in reproduction: a systematic review. Fertil Steril. 2014 Aug;102(2):460-468
Moridi I, Chen A, Tal O, Tal R.
The Association between Vitamin D and Anti-Müllerian Hormone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020 May 28;12(6):1567
Mumford, S. L., Garbose, R. A., Kim, K., Kissell, K., Kuhr, D. L., Omosigho, U. R.,…& Plowden, T.C (2018).
Association of preconception serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with livebirth and pregnancy loss: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.
Jukic AMZ, Wilcox AJ, McConnaughey DR, Weinberg CR, Steiner AZ.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Long Menstrual Cycles in a Prospective Cohort Study. Epidemiology. 2018 May;29(3):388-396
Iliuta F, Pijoan JI, Lainz L, Exposito A, Matorras R.
Women's vitamin D levels and IVF results: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, considering three categories of vitamin status (replete, insufficient and deficient). Hum Fertil (Camb). 2022 Apr;25(2):228-246
Meng, X., Zhang, J., Wan, Q., Huang, J., Han, T., Qu, T., & Yu, L. lin. (2023).
Influence of Vitamin D supplementation on reproductive outcomes of infertile patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 21(1)
Methylfolate
Number of studies
62
Years of studies
1993-2022
Ebisch IM, Thomas CM, Peters WH, Braat DD, Steegers-Theunissen RP.
The importance of folate, zinc and antioxidants in the pathogenesis and prevention of subfertility. Hum Reprod Update. 2007 Mar-Apr;13(2):163-74
Toivonen KI, Lacroix E, Flynn M, Ronksley PE, Oinonen KA, Metcalfe A, Campbell TS.
Folic acid supplementation during the preconception period: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2018 Sep;114:1-17
Hekmatdoost A, Vahid F, Yari Z, Sadeghi M, Eini-Zinab H, Lakpour N, Arefi S.
Methyltetrahydrofolate vs Folic Acid Supplementation in Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage with Respect to Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PloS one. 2015 Dec 2;10(12)
Paffoni, A.; Castiglioni, M.; Ferrari, S.; La Vecchia, I.; Ferraris Fusarini, C.; Bettinardi, N.; Noli, S.; Parazzini, F.; Somigliana, E.
Homocysteine pathway and in vitro fertilisation outcome. Reprod. Toxicol. 2018, 76, 12–16
Cirillo, M.; Fucci, R.; Rubini, S.; Coccia, M.E.; Fatini, C.
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and Vitamin B12 Supplementation Is Associated with Clinical Pregnancy and Live Birth in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12280
Szymanski W, Kazdepka-Zieminska A.
Effect of homocysteine concentration in follicular fluid on a degree of oocyte maturity. Ginekol Pol. 2003;74:1392–6
Boxmeer JC, Brouns RM, Lindemans J, Steegers EA, Martini E, Macklon NS, Steegers-Theunissen RP.
Preconception folic acid treatment affects the microenvironment of the maturing oocyte in humans. Fertil Steril. 2008 Jun;89(6):1766-70
Alpha Lipoic Acid
Number of studies
15
Years of studies
1991-2022
Gardner DK, Kuramoto T, Tanaka M, Mitzumoto S, Montag M, Yoshida A.
Prospective randomized multicentre comparison on sibling oocytes comparing G-Series media system with antioxidants versus standard G-Series media system. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020 May;40(5):637-644
Kim, Chim & Moon, J. & Jeung, Y. & Kim, Sungeun & Chae, Hee Dong & Kang, B.. (2017).
Lipoic acid supplementation increases the expression of pgc-1alpha gene in granulosa cells and improves IVF results in aging women undergoing IVF. Fertility and Sterility. 108
Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ.
alpha-Lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995 Aug;19(2):227-50
Di Tucci C, Galati G, Mattei G, Bonanni V, Capri O, D'Amelio R, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P.
The role of alpha lipoic acid in female and male infertility: a systematic review. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021 Jun;37(6):497-505
De Cicco S, Immediata V, Romualdi D, Policola C, Tropea A, Di Florio C, Tagliaferri V, Scarinci E, Della Casa S, Lanzone A, Apa R.
Myoinositol combined with alpha-lipoic acid may improve the clinical and endocrine features of polycystic ovary syndrome through an insulin-independent action. Gynecol En
Masharani U, Gjerde C, Evans JL, Youngren JF, Goldfine ID.
Effects of controlled-release alpha lipoic acid in lean, nondiabetic patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010 Mar 1;4(2):359-64
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
Number of studies
23
Years of studies
1989-2022
Shahveghar Asl Z, Parastouei K, Eskandari E.
The effects of N-acetylcysteine on ovulation and sex hormones profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2023 Jan 4:1-9
Mostajeran, F., Tehrani, H. G., & Rahbary, B. (2018).
N-Acetylcysteine as an Adjuvant to Letrozole for Induction of Ovulation in Infertile Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Advanced biomedical research
Hebisha, S. A., Omran, M. S., Sallam, H. N., & Ahmed, A. I. (2015).
Follicular fluid homocysteine levels with N-Acetyl cysteine supplemented controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, correlation with oocyte yield and ICSI cycle outcome. Fertility and Sterility, 104(3)
Li X, Wang Z, Wang H, Xu H, Sheng Y, Lian F.
Role of N-acetylcysteine treatment in women with advanced age undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles: A prospective study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 4
Elgindy EA, El-Huseiny AM, Mostafa MI, Gaballah AM, Ahmed TA.
N-acetyl cysteine: could it be an effective adjuvant therapy in ICSI cycles? A preliminary study. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010;20(6):789-796
Amin AF, Shaaban OM, Bediawy MA.
N-acetyl cysteine for treatment of recurrent unexplained pregnancy loss. Reprod Biomed Online. 2008 Nov;17(5):722-6
Vitamin C
Number of studies
18
Years of studies
1994-2022
Ruder EH, Hartman TJ, Reindollar RH, Goldman MB.
Female dietary antioxidant intake and time to pregnancy among couples treated for unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril. 2014;101:759–766
Lu X, Wu Z, Wang M, Cheng W.
Effects of vitamin C on the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in endometriosis: A randomized controlled study. J Int Med Res. 2018 Nov;46(11):4624-4633
Rumbold A, Ota E, Nagata C, Shahrook S, Crowther CA.
Vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 29;2015(9)
Ruder EH, Hartman TJ, Reindollar RH, Goldman MB.
Female dietary antioxidant intake and time to pregnancy among couples treated for unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril. 2014;101:759–766
Showell MG, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Jordan V, Hart RJ.
Antioxidants for female subfertility. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 8
Ozkaya MO, Nazıroğlu M.
Multivitamin and mineral supplementation modulates oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2010 Nov;94(6):2465-6
MicroActive® CoQ10
Number of studies
52
Years of studies
1995-2022
Akarsu, S., Gode, F., Isik, A. Z., Dikmen, Z. G., & Tekindal, M. A. (2017).
The association between coenzyme Q10 concentrations in follicular fluid with embryo morphokinetics and pregnancy rate in assisted reproductive techniques. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 34(5), 599-605
Esencan E, Beroukhim G, Seifer DB.
Age-related changes in Folliculogenesis and potential modifiers to improve fertility outcomes - A narrative review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2022 Nov 17;20(1):156
Zhang Y, Zhang C, Shu J, Guo J, Chang HM, Leung PCK, Sheng JZ, Huang H.
Adjuvant treatment strategies in ovarian stimulation for poor responders undergoing IVF: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2020 Feb 28;26(2):247-263
Xu Y, Nisenblat V, Lu C, Li R, Qiao J, Zhen X, Wang S.
Pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 improves ovarian response and embryo quality in low-prognosis young women with decreased ovarian reserve: a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018 Mar 27;16(1):29
Showell MG, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Jordan V, Hart RJ.
Antioxidants for female subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 27;8(8)
Van Blerkom J.
Mitochondrial function in the human oocyte and embryo and their role in developmental competence. Mitochondrion. 2011 Sep;11(5):797-813
Zinc
Number of studies
35
Years of studies
2011-2023
Garner TB, Hester JM, Carothers A, Diaz FJ.
Role of zinc in female reproduction. Biol Reprod. 2021 May 7;104(5):976-994
Liao X, Wu L, Yin D, Tian D, Zhou C, Liu J, Li S, Zhou J, Nie Y, Liao H, Peng C.
The role of zinc in follicular development. Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Feb 27
Nasiadek M, Stragierowicz J, Klimczak M, Kilanowicz A.
The Role of Zinc in Selected Female Reproductive System Disorders. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 16;12(8):2464
Ribeiro JC, Braga PC, Martins AD, Silva BM, Alves MG, Oliveira PF.
Antioxidants Present in Reproductive Tract Fluids and Their Relevance for Fertility. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Sep 9;10(9):1441
Singh A.K., Chattopadhyay R., Chakravarty B., Chaudhury K.
Markers of oxidative stress in follicular fluid of women with endometriosis and tubal infertility undergoing IVF. Reprod. Toxicol. 2013;42:116–124
Ingle M.E., Bloom M.S., Parsons P.J., Steuerwald A.J., Kruger P., Fujimoto V.Y.
Associations between IVF outcomes and essential trace elements measured in follicular fluid and urine: A pilot study. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2017;34:253–261
Vitamin B6
Number of studies
44
Years of studies
2010-2023
Petersen JM, Parker SE, Crider KS, Tinker SC, Mitchell AA, Werler MM.
One-Carbon Cofactor Intake and Risk of Neural Tube Defects Among Women Who Meet Folic Acid Recommendations: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Jun 1;188(6):1136-114
Zhang L, Wu LM, Xu WH, Tian YQ, Liu XL, Xia CY, Zhang L, Li SS, Jin Z, Wu XL, Shu J.
Status of maternal serum B vitamins and pregnancy outcomes: New insights from in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment. Front Nutr. 2022 Nov 11;9:962212
Menichini D, Imbrogno MG, Basile L, Monari F, Ferrari F, Neri I.
Oral supplementation of α-lipoic acid (ALA), magnesium, vitamin B6 and vitamin D stabilizes cervical changes in women presenting risk factors for preterm birth. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Dec;26(23):8879-8886
Hestiantoro A, Astuti BPK, Joyo EO, Febri RR, Silvana V, Muharam R.
Vitamin B3 (niacin), B6, C, and iron intake are associated with the free androgen index, especially in normoandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2022 Sep 5;23(3):130-136
Elbarbary NS, Ismail EAR, Zaki MA, Darwish YW, Ibrahim MZ, El-Hamamsy M.
Vitamin B complex supplementation as a homocysteine-lowering therapy for early stage diabetic nephropathy in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2020 Jan;39(1):49-56
Lee S, Huh I, Kang S, Nam YE, Cho Y, Kamruzzaman M, Hong J, Kwon O, Park T.
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Evaluating Effectiveness of a Multivitamin Supplementation against Oxidative Stress in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients. 2022 Mar 10;14(6):1170
Vitamin B12
Number of studies
16
Years of studies
2002-2023
Gaskins AJ, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Ford JB, Toth TL, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH Study Team.
Association between serum folate and vitamin B-12 and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Oct;102(4):943-50
Forges T, Monnier-Barbarino P, Alberto JM, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Daval JL, Guéant JL.
Impact of folate and homocysteine metabolism on human reproductive health. Hum Reprod Update. 2007 May-Jun;13(3):225-3
Reznikoff-Etiévant MF, Zittoun J, Vaylet C, Pernet P, Milliez J.
Low Vitamin B(12) level as a risk factor for very early recurrent abortion. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002 Sep 10;104(2):156-9
Boxmeer JC, Macklon NS, Lindemans J, Beckers NG, Eijkemans MJ, Laven JS, Steegers EA, Steegers-Theunissen RP.
IVF outcomes are associated with biomarkers of the homocysteine pathway in monofollicular fluid. Hum Reprod. 2009 May;24(5):1059-66
Ebisch IM, Peters WH, Thomas CM, Wetzels AM, Peer PG, Steegers-Theunissen RP.
Homocysteine, glutathione and related thiols affect fertility parameters in the (sub)fertile couple. Hum Reprod. 2006 Jul;21(7):1725-33
Serapinas D, Boreikaite E, Bartkeviciute A, Bandzeviciene R, Silkunas M, Bartkeviciene D.
The importance of folate, vitamins B6 and B12 for the lowering of homocysteine concentrations for patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and MTHFR mutations. Reprod Toxicol. 2017 Sep;72:159-163
Vitamin E
Number of studies
36
Years of studies
1999-2022
Md Amin NA, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Arshad AH, Abdul Aziz N, Abdul Nasir NA, Ab Latip N.
Are Vitamin E Supplementation Beneficial for Female Gynaecology Health and Diseases? Molecules. 2022 Mar 15;27(6):1896
Showell MG, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Jordan V, Hart RJ.
Antioxidants for female subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jul 28;7(7)
Cicek N, Eryilmaz OG, Sarikaya E, Gulerman C, Genc Y.
Vitamin E effect on controlled ovarian stimulation of unexplained infertile women. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2012 Apr;29(4):325-8
Lédée-Bataille N, Olivennes F, Lefaix JL, Chaouat G, Frydman R, Delanian S.
Combined treatment by pentoxifylline and tocopherol for recipient women with a thin endometrium enrolled in an oocyte donation programme. Hum Reprod. 2002 May;17(5):1249-53
Heidari H, Hajhashemy Z, Saneei P.
A meta-analysis of effects of vitamin E supplementation alone and in combination with omega-3 or magnesium on polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 19;12(1):19927
Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL, Kelly FJ, Lee R, Hunt BJ, Parmar K, Bewley SJ, Shennan AH, Steer PJ, Poston L.
Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999 Sep 4;354(9181):810-6
selenium
Number of studies
24
Years of studies
1995-2022
Agarwal A, Durairajanayagam D, du Plessis SS.
Utility of antioxidants during assisted reproductive techniques: an evidence based review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12: 112
Pieczyńska J, Grajeta H.
The role of selenium in human conception and pregnancy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29: 31-38
Lima LG, Santos AAMD, Gueiber TD, Gomes RZ, Martins CM, Chaikoski AC.
Relation between Selenium and Female Fertility: A Systematic Review. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2022 Jul;44(7):701-70
Rayman M.P.
Selenium and human health. Lancet. 2012;379:1256–1268
Dring JC, Forma A, Chilimoniuk Z, Dobosz M, Teresiński G, Buszewicz G, Flieger J, Cywka T, Januszewski J, Baj J.
Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers-A State-of-the-Art Review. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 31;14(1):185
Qazi IH, Angel C, Yang H, Pan B, Zoidis E, Zeng CJ, Han H, Zhou GB. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Female Reproduction: A Review. Molecules. 2018 Nov 22;23(12):3053
Vitamin D3
Number of studies
35
Years of studies
2010-2023
Irani M, Merhi Z.
Role of vitamin D in ovarian physiology and its implication in reproduction: a systematic review. Fertil Steril. 2014 Aug;102(2):460-468
Moridi I, Chen A, Tal O, Tal R.
The Association between Vitamin D and Anti-Müllerian Hormone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020 May 28;12(6):1567
Mumford, S. L., Garbose, R. A., Kim, K., Kissell, K., Kuhr, D. L., Omosigho, U. R.,…& Plowden, T.C (2018).
Association of preconception serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with livebirth and pregnancy loss: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.
Jukic AMZ, Wilcox AJ, McConnaughey DR, Weinberg CR, Steiner AZ.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Long Menstrual Cycles in a Prospective Cohort Study. Epidemiology. 2018 May;29(3):388-396
Iliuta F, Pijoan JI, Lainz L, Exposito A, Matorras R.
Women's vitamin D levels and IVF results: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, considering three categories of vitamin status (replete, insufficient and deficient). Hum Fertil (Camb). 2022 Apr;25(2):228-246
Meng, X., Zhang, J., Wan, Q., Huang, J., Han, T., Qu, T., & Yu, L. lin. (2023).
Influence of Vitamin D supplementation on reproductive outcomes of infertile patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 21(1)
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